Market Penetration
This occurs when a company infiltrates a market in which current products already exist. The best way to achieve this is by gaining the customers of competitors. Other ways include attracting non-users of your product or convincing current clients to use more of your product.
The penetration that brands and products have can be recorded by companies such as ACNielsen and TNS who offer panel measurement services to calculate this and other consumer measures. In these cases, penetration is given as a percentage of a country’s households who have bought that particular brand or product at least once within a defined period of time.
While market penetration may come with the lowest risk, at some point the company will reach market saturation with the current product and will have to switch to a new strategy, such as market development or product development.