chennai

According to the 2011 Indian census, Chennai is the sixth-most populous city, and forms the fourth-most populous urban agglomeration in India. The city is coterminous with Chennai district, which together with the adjoining suburbs constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area,[note 1] the 36th-largest urban area in the world by population.[11] The traditional and de facto gateway of South India, Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreign tourists. It was ranked the 43rd-most visited city in the world for the year 2015[12] and was ranked the 36th-most visited city in the world for the year 2019.[13] The Quality of Living Survey rated Chennai as the safest city in India.[14] Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists.[15] As such, it is termed “India’s health capital”.[16][17] Chennai has the fifth-largest urban economy of India.[9]

Chennai had the third-largest expatriate population in India, at 35,000 in 2009, 82,790 in 2011 and estimated at over 100,000 by 2016.[18][19] Tourism-guide publisher Lonely Planet named Chennai as one of the top ten cities in the world to visit in 2015.[20] Chennai is ranked as a beta-level city in the Global Cities Index,[21] and was ranked the best city in India by India Today in the 2014 annual Indian city survey.

HISTORY

Surrender of the City of Madras in 1746 to de La Bourdonnais, by Jacques François Joseph Swebach

Stone age implements have been found near Pallavaram in Chennai. According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Pallavaram was a megalithic cultural establishment, and pre-historic communities resided in the settlement.[47]

The region around Chennai has served as an important administrative, military, and economic centre for many centuries. During the 1st century CE, a poet and weaver named Thiruvalluvar lived in the town of Mylapore (a neighbourhood of present Chennai).[48] From the 1st–12th century the region of present Tamil Nadu and parts of South India was ruled by the Cholas.[49]

The Pallavas of Kanchi built the areas of Mahabalipuram and Pallavaram during the reign of Mahendravarman I. They also defeated several kingdoms including the Cheras, Cholas and Pandyas who ruled over the area before their arrival. Sculpted caves and paintings have been identified from that period.[50] Ancient coins dating to around 500 BCE have also been unearthed from the city and its surrounding areas. A portion of these findings belonged to the Vijayanagara Empire, which ruled the region during the medieval period.[51]

The Portuguese first arrived in 1522 and built a port called São Tomé after the Christian apostle, St. Thomas, who is believed to have preached in the area between 52 and 70 CE. In 1612, the Dutch established themselves near Pulicat, north of Chennai.

GEOGRAPHY

Cooum River near its mouth in Chennai city

ECONOMY

ahmedabad DISTRICT’S

As of 2011, the district had a population of 7,100,000 with a sex-ratio of 989 females for every 1,000 males.[3] Much of the district’s population descended from its settlements in the 1st century CE to the Middle Ages, but the diversity has grown much since then. The district consists of only one civic body, the megacity of Chennai, which forms the core and the most notable portion of the much bigger Chennai metropolis, or officially, the Chennai Metropolitan Area. In 2018, the district’s limits were expanded, aligning with that of the newly expanded Greater Chennai Corporation, which annexed adjacent municipalities. It resulted in the area being increased from 175 square kilometres (68 sq mi) to 426 square kilometres (164 sq mi).[1][2] The district is divided into three revenue divisions and ten taluks.

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demographics

As of 2019, 712,000 families live below poverty line, which is about 40 percent of the 1.788 million families in the city.

Languages
Tamils form the majority of Chennai’s population. English is spoken largely by white-collar workers,[204] often mixed into Tamil.[205] In 2001, out of the 2,937,000 migrants (33.8% of its population) in the city, 61.5% were from other parts of the state, 33.8% were from rest of India and 3.7% were from outside the country.[206] As per the 2001 census, the number of speakers mother tongue wise are as follows, Tamil is spoken by 3,424,107 (78.8%), followed by Telugu by 419,209 (9.7%), Urdu by 180,245 (4.1%), Malayalam by 113,828 (2.6%), Hindi by 104,084 (2.4%), and Kannada by 22,250 (0.5%).

transport

rail

Chennai hosts the headquarters of the Southern Railway. The city has four main railway terminals. Chennai Central, Chennai Egmore, Chennai Beach and Tambaram. Chennai Central station, the city’s largest, provides nationwide access,[366] whereas Chennai Egmore provides access to destinations primarily within Tamil Nadu; however, it also handles a few inter–state trains. A fifth terminal has been proposed to decongest Chennai Central.

road

As of 2019, the city corporation maintains about 471 bus route roads and 33,0000 interior roads.[372] The Chennai–Mumbai and Chennai–Kolkata prongs of the Golden Quadrilateral system of National Highways start from the city.[373] In addition, four major National Highways (NH), namely, NH 4 to Mumbai (via Bangalore and Pune), NH 5 to Kolkata (linked via NH 6) (via Visakhapatnam and Bhubaneswar), NH 45 to Theni (via Villupuram, Tiruchirapalli and Dindigul) and NH 205 to Madanapalle (via Tirupati) originate in the city, connecting it to other Indian cities. Chennai is connected to other parts of the state and the Union Territory of Puducherry by state highways.

AIRPORT

The Chennai International Airport is the fourth-busiest in India in terms of passenger traffic behind New Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru. It handled about 15.2 million passengers in 2013–2014;[66][360][361] in terms of international passengers, Chennai is the third-busiest airport behind Indira Gandhi International Airport, Delhi, and Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Mumbai.[362] Chennai handles 400 flights a day, again placing it fourth among Indian airports. The city is connected to major hubs across Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa through more than 30 national and international carriers.

RESEDENTIAL AREAS

BLANK MAM

lal darwaza market

Lal Darwaja in Ahmedabad is the most famous and busiest shopping arena. Make sure you pay a visit to this amazing place and fill your bags with stuff for everyone at cheap and economical prices. Be it sarees, garments for men, clothes for children or stylish dresses, you can buy everything at one stop. During your shopping spree, this place will become your best friend and it will entice you as you wind your wany further up its route. All the products available here are very good in quality and the for the price you get them, you will be beckoned to come again and again. Chaniya cholis, colorful dupattas, wallets, old books and many other things are also available in this street side shopping complex.